Bài 23. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4. ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT (BUỔI 1)

Cannot = Can’t

Could not = couldn’t

Ví dụ:

– We can see the lake from our hotel.

– “I don’t have a pen”. “You can use mine”.

Can you speak any foreign languages?

– I’m fraid I can’t come to the party on Friday.

Ví dụ: We are able to see the lake from our hotel.

Ví dụ:

– I can’t sleep.  I slept – I didn’t sleep

– Tom can come tomorrow.

-> Tom might be able to come tomorrow. (may – might)

– Applicants for the job must be able to speak two foreign languages.

– Could/ can you do me a favor?

– Can you help me? Could you help me please?

Ví dụ:

– My grandfather could speak five languages.

– We were totally free. We could do whatever we wanted

                              (= We were able to do)

Ví dụ:

– We had a lovely room in the hotel. We could see the lake.

– As soon as I walked into the room, I could smell gas.

– I was sitting at the back of the theatre and couldn’t hear very well.

Ví dụ:

– My grandfather could speak five languages.

– I could see them, but not very clearly.

Ví dụ:

– The fire spread quickly, but everybody was able to escape. (not could escape)

– I didn’t know where Max was, but I managed to find him in the end. (not could find)

– Manage (v)

– Manager (n)

a) Could + V-inf

b) Could have + PP

  • A: What shall we do tonight?
    B: We could go to the cinema
  • A: When you go to Paris next month,
    you could stay with Sarah.
    B: Yes, I suppose I could.

I’m so tired, I could sleep for a week. (not I can sleep for a week)

  • I can stay with Sarah when I go to Paris. (thực tế)
    Maybe I could stay with Sarah when I go to Paris. (có thể, nhưng ít chắc chắn)
  • This is a wonderful place. I could stay here forever. (phi thực tế)

Ví dụ:

  • I’m so tired, I could sleep for a week. (hiện tại)
    I was so tired, I could have slept for a week. (quá khứ)
  • The situation is bad, but it could be worse. (hiện tại)
    The situation was bad, but it could have been worse. (quá khứ)Và để diễn đạt một điều gì đó “đã có thể xảy ra” hoặc “có khả năng” nhưng đã không xảy ra.

Ví dụ:

  • Why did you stay at a hotel? You could have stayed with me. (Lời nói thể hiện sự tiếc nuối, trách nhẹ, nói lẫy về việc người kia đã có thể tới ở với mình mà sao không tới mà lại đi ở khách sạn).
  • Why do you want to stay at a hotel? you can stay with me. (Lời đề nghị ở hiện tại trước khi người kia thực hiện hành động ở hotel).
  • David was lucky. He could have hurt himself when he fell, but he’s all right.
  • I Hurt myself with a knife when cooking
  • You hurt me when you told me that you didn’t love me anymore

– Lưu ý rằng “I couldn’t do something” có 2 nghĩa:

  • I couldn’t = điều đó sẽ không khả thi ở thời điểm hiện tại
  • Could trong “could you do me a favor/ could you help me?” diễn tả sự tha thiết, lịch sự khi nhờ vả một ai.

Ví dụ:

  • I couldn’t run ten kilometers now. I’m not fit enough (= I would not be able)
  • I couldn’t = I was not able (quá khứ) tôi không có khả năng.
  • I couldn’t run yesterday because I’d hurt my leg. (= I was not able)
Must/Can’t +V-inf
Be + V-ing

Ví dụ:

  • You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired.
    ‘Joe is a hard worker.’ ‘Joe? You must be joking. He doesn’t do anything.’
  • Louise must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day.

Ví dụ:

  1. You’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry already.
  2. They haven’t lived here for very long. They can’t know many people

Cấu trúc:

Must have/ Can’t have +PP
Been + V-ing

Ví dụ:

  1. I lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
    (that’s the only explanation I can think of)
  2. ‘We used to live very near the motorway.’ ‘Did you? It must have been noisy.’
  3. Sarah hasn’t contacted me. She can’t have got my message.
    Max walked into a wall. He can’t have been looking where he was going

Ví dụ:

  1. Sarah couldn’t have got my message.
  2. Max couldn’t have been looking where he was going.

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